While theyre an especially awesome pick for dry or sensitive types, they work well on all skinyes, even acne-prone. Whats more is that the oil is ideal for various skin conditions such as wrinkles, fine lines and Eczema. Alexandra Engler is the beauty director at mindbodygreen and host of the beauty podcast Clean Beauty School. It's about time we look as young as we feel. Therefore, we advise that next time you go shopping for non Comedogenic oils, ensure that you get one with a rating of at most two. At the time of publishing, we were not able to find enough cleansing oils from Black-owned and/or Black-founded businesses to meet this percentage. Derms note that not only is it noncomedogenic, but there's also data suggesting that it can balance acne-causing bacteria. 2016;15(1):212. doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0379-0, Keen MA, Hassan I. Vitamin E in dermatology. While it may sound promising to learn that theres a 0 to 5 rating scale for comedogenic with 0 to 2 considered noncomedogenic this scale isnt standardized. One of the OG cleansing oils to launch stateside, it uses hydrating vitamin E, organic olive oil, and rosemary oil, which gives it a refreshing fragrance.
Licensed Hair Stylist/Cosmetologist Job El Segundo California USA To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Fortunately, thats changing. Rub sweat from your skin during a workout. But, I will say, there's good reason the advice stuck around for so long. The comedogenic scale (ranking from 0 to 5) was first established in the '70s by dermatologist Albert Kligman, M.D., who actually helped pioneer Retin-A. Active Ingredients: Vitamin E, fatty acids, Retinatural Complex | Size: 5 fluid ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes | Byrdie Clean: Yes. While the choice is ultimately yours, oil cleansers work best at night as a first cleanse to remove everything thats accumulated on your face during the day. ($20.99 - $69.00) Find great deals on the latest styles of Non comedogenic oil free moisturizer. Case in point: This formula, which is made with a blend of fine oils to remove impurities, and is also non-comedogenic and dermatologically-tested. A powerful daily ritual for glowing skin and strong hair & nails*. Follow storage directions. But that's not all: This oil is chock-full of antioxidants and fatty acids to help your skin glow as well as reduce inflammation. This non-fragrant plant oil has a high concentration of linoleic acid (aka omega-6 fatty acids), which studies show could be helpful for acne.
Comedogenic and noncomedogenic refer to how likely a substance is to create comedones, another word for clogged pores. All oils, however, come packed with fatty acids. This article includes recipes and. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. To get the most out of your grapeseed oil, be mindful of where you store it, as is the case with most oils. Moringa oil comes from the moringa plant found in the Himalayan mountains. Therapeutics role of. The oil helps to immediately break up makeup and remove it, and my skin felt soft afterward without feeling stripped of any moisture." Sublime Perfection Foundation. DRAGON FRUIT SEED OIL is a Delightful Beauty Oil for Skin & Hair . Gently scented and light on the skin, sweet almond oil contains high levels of fatty acids. doi:10.1111/jocd.15161, Lin T-K, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Plus, its packed with antioxidant-rich ingredients like mulberry extract and vitamin C to keep your skin in tip-top condition. Face acids are the key to clear, youthful skin but how do you know which one to use? Sunflower oil is just one of many non-comedogenic oils in this blend, one of our favorite facial oils. This is very important because oil that isn't non-comedogenic can lead to clogged pores. So what makes this plant, and its extracted oil, so special? SEEN Deeper Conditioner - Dermatologist-Developed - Non-Comedogenic, Sun Bum Revitalizing 3 in 1 Leave-In Conditioner Spray Detangler | Anti Frizz , Paraben and Gluten Free, Vegan, and Color Safe with UV Protection | 4 oz, Vanicream Hair Styling Gel, Fragrance and Gluten Free, For Sensitive Skin, Unscented, 7 Oz, Packaging May Vary, Acne Treatment Differin Gel, 30 Day Supply, Retinoid Treatment for Face with 0.1% Adapalene, Gentle Skin Care for Acne Prone Sensitive Skin, 15g Tube (Packaging May Vary), Hair Care Reinvented For Better Hair And Skin. We understand that it may be confusing for some to choose the best non comedogenic oils among the many brands available in the market. Happy Sephora fans love how well it takes off makeup, and repeatedly comment on how gentle it is. Dermablend Continuous Correction Tone-Evening CC Cream Foundation SPF 50+, Full Coverage Foundation, Non-Comedogenic, 25N, Light Skin Tones ,1 Fl Oz (Pack of 1) Lightweight. While oil and water repel one another, oil and oil attract (sorry, were trying not to cause traumatic flashbacks to high school chemistry class). * Industry passion. Active Ingredients: Rosehip oil, green tea, avocado oil, olive fruit oil, botanical amino acids, hydrangea leaf, Boscia signature botanical blend | Skin Type: All | Size: 5 fluid ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes | Byrdie Clean: No.
20 Best Non-Comedogenic Oils For Every Skin Type in 2021 - Skin Care Ox Find out why they develop, how theyre treated, and more. My friends call me Hairy Jimbo. Hats. You should also see your doctor if you have a pimple that just never seems to heal or if you need advice on a skin care regimen. So have a read, and in the end, you should be in a better position to make an informed choice than before when it comes to searching for the best Non Comedogenic oil to use. The below list will help you find something that works for you. Organic Rosehip Oil has, over the years, been embraced by skincare specialists and celebrities alike as a viable alternative to botox, and you should soon understand why. Making sure your pores dont get plugged is actually somewhat complex due to the myriad products out there making all sorts of claims. (n.d.).
8 Essential Oils for Hair Growth and How to Use Them The oil is so gentle that it is safe for use on an infants skin. In the case of your skin, that means that a cleansing oil is choice for helping to cut through the oils in your makeup, sunscreen, and those on your skin, dissolving them to leave your skin extra clean. You want to use a mild, non-comedogenic cleanser. We evaluated each on their active ingredients, ability to remove makeup, and overall cleansing power without stripping the skin. But it's not technically an oilit's a wax ester. You may also appreciate the fact that the oil is safe for use during pregnancy.
NEW Sea Buckthorn Oil. 4oz. Cold-pressed from Berry. Unrefined. Organic Such oils tend to have undesirable effects in both the short and long term, leading the masses to explore organic options. On top of that, this hydroxytyrosol also helps in killing acne-causing bacteria. The non-comedogenic properties of this oil help balance out skin oil production. To find the best cleansing oils on the market, we conducted hours of researchporing over hundreds of customer reviews and considering the dozens of options that are available. "There actually isn't any set defining chemical structural difference betweencomedogenicandnon-comedogenicoils," Lu explains, adding that how these ingredients interact with skin and cause comedones is actually not well understood. One of the main factors is skin sensitivity. It's an empirical trait qualified through testing (thats somewhat controversial), but based on that testing, Lu saysthere are quite a fewnon-comedogenicoiloptions in skincare. The oil is extracted from the seeds of the evening primrose flower, which is high in omega-6s. Non-comedogenic oils can help prevent clogged pores by clearing dirt and debris off of your face and beard, and their nutrients provide great natural benefits. Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. Comedones can take the form of blackheads, whiteheads, or skin-tone colored bumps, and are caused when the pores of your skin become clogged with oil, debris, or dirt. Jojoba oil is a waxy substance that is commonly included in skin creams and gels. Common noncomedogenic oils for the skin or to use as carrier oils for essential oils. (2018). These days, most cleansing oils utilize a blend of oils, from sweet almond to jojoba to grapeseed. My Honest Review of Sunday Rileys UFO Ultra Clarifying Oil, The 11 Best Essential Oils of 2023All of Them Are Worth Trying, One of Herrmann's top product picks, this face oil, One of Herrmann's recommendations, this face oil. The first is that rabbit ears are far more sensitive than human skin, and thus what might trigger acne on the animal might be just fine for human use. Sweet Almond Oil. The oilalong with bark and leaveshas been touted for centuries in African, Asian, Polynesian, and Pacific Island cultures. Compare prices & save money on Skin Care Products.
Best Non-Comedogenic Carrier Oils for Skin & Comedogenic Ratings List Body Moisturizer by CETAPHIL, Hydrating Moisturizing Cream for Dry to Very Dry, Sensitive Skin, 16 oz, Fragrance Free, Non-Comedogenic, Non-Greasy 1166 4.7 out of 5 Stars. These include: grapeseed oil sunflower oil neem oil sweet almond oil hempseed. Certain ingredients will work better depending on your skin type. Essential fatty acids and skin health. Lets start by teaching you something about the Comedogenic Scale. "Spectrum" is an important word in that last sentence. This rich blend of essential oils melts away makeup and pollutants to leave nothing behind but glowing skin. "Oils can impact individuals differently, and their effect may be varied due to someones natural skin hydration and oil composition and what medications they may be using," Herrmann adds. According to Wong, a lot of skincare, SPF and makeup products are oil-based, meaning an oil-based cleanser may be more effective when it comes to removing them.
How To Use Neem Oil for Acne, According to Dermatologists - Byrdie Some researchers count the comedones, meaning the bumps that indicate acne, which result from the product being tested. The oil is packed with Vitamin C, E, GLA, and ALA, making it one of the most packed organic oils with essential nutrients. Here's a simple anti-aging routine, complete with product and ingredient recommendations. This oil has a rating of 2 on the comedogenic scale. (1984). Au Naturel Cleansing Oil, Tata Harper Nourishing Makeup Removing Oil Cleanser, What To Look For When Buying a Cleansing Oil, LEARN ABOUT BYRDIE'S EDITORIAL GUIDELINES. Experimenting with different oils will help you decide which ones are best for you. Despite the fact that this oil blend from Fu and Lu's skincare line, Chemist Confessions, is packed with oils, the consistency still feels light and weightless on the skin. Each product and brand is different though, so be sure to do independent research. Oil free. Now, let's get into all the non-comedogenic oils that even those with acne-prone skin could feel comfortable using.
The 15 Best Cleansing Oils of 2023 | by Byrdie Read on for the best cleansing oils for a clean, healthy complexion. Remember, fragrant plant-based oils can cause skin irritation, sensitivity to the sun, and possibly allergic reactions, so be sure to test any essential oils for irritation as well as your carrier oil. Dr. Garshick is a board-certified dermatologist whose specialties include general medical dermatology and cosmetic dermatology. Its size being travel-friendly is an added bonus. However, everyone is differentso be sure to pay attention to your skin and stop use if you notice irritation. If you're particularly acne-prone, Fu and Lu suggest looking for linoleic acid-forward oils, such as rosehip oil. Noncomedogenic Skin Care Products: Types and Benefits. Noncomedogenic products are those that are not known to create pore blockage; on the other end of the spectrum, when something is comedogenic, it can. If you use edge control gel, look for those that don't contain comedogenic ingredients like coconut oil and cocoa butter. Instead, opt for hair products with non-comedogenic oils to keep those pores clear. Free from harsh soaps or detergents, theyre a great way to keep your complexion happy and prevent unwanted (and unsightly irritation). Sunflower seed oil is a non-comedogenic carrier oil.
Non comedogenic oil free moisturizer Skin Care Products | Bizrate The only downside with this oil is the horrible smell it gives out which makes it ideal only for nighttime use. Pungent in odor and high in antioxidants, neem oil is widely used for medicinal purposes in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Those with easily irritable and acne-prone skin might be triggered by more products than those with just oily skin. One of Herrmann's recommendations, this face oil is actually made specifically for acne-prone skin. Hormones particularly active when youre a young adult can figure in. On the Comedogenic scale, Argan oil is rated at 0 and would contribute to your overall beauty. There are "comedogenic scales" and lists out there, but each varies quite a bit, and none functions as an official tool used by dermatologists or cosmetic chemists. A non-comedogenic oil is an oil that doesn't clog the pores. For mild acne, beneficial ingredients include: Other good ingredients to look for in your skin care products are noncomedogenic oils, which dont clog pores and keep dry skin supple and oily skin acne-free. This oil is super lightweight and easy to absorb. This means it's actually very similar to skin's natural sebum and because of that, it helps to balance the skin's oil production. Its high in beta-carotene, vitamin E, and fatty acids which are essential for skin-barrier repair. This may make them especially beneficial, whether used alone or as an ingredient in manufactured skin care products. Clin Interv Aging. A noncomedogenic oil which is excellent for dry skin, hempseed oil may reduce atopic dermatitis symptoms according to a study from 2005. And that's why if you do have acne-prone skin, you should always look for noncomedogenic oils when adding them to your routine. For example, grapeseed oil may help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles on dry skin and can also be used as a spot treatment on pimples. It rinses clean and removes every last trace of gunk and grime without drying out your skin. A lesser-known oil, tamanu oil is extracted from the seeds of the tamanu nut tree (technically a type of evergreen, called calophyllum inophyllum, found in the South Pacific). It has antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it effective for wound care. Apply as you would a mask, prior to gently steaming your face. Vitamin E and essential fatty acids help to hydrate dry spots, but this also has bakuchiol, a natural alternative to retinol thats a great ingredient for oily or combination skin. With a rating of 0 on the Comedogenic scale, Shea Butter is rich in oleic acid and does not cause allergic reactions to most people. You can also try using noncomedogenic oils to cleanse your face. Up to 24 hour non-ashy color wear. To understand how we got here, it's important to understand this history of the concept. Overall, our top pick is the Shiseido Perfect Cleansing Oil, which is deeply cleansing but light, making it ideal for all skin types. If youre worried about using anoil, Lu says a very, very vanilla starting point for most skin types is squalane, which Lu describes as non-comedogenic and incredibly stable. 2019;68(7):649-658. doi:10.5650/jos.ess18234, Nadeem M, Imran M. Promising features of Moringa oleifera oil: recent updates and perspectives. Its high in antioxidants, linoleic acid, and vitamin E. A study in 2016 on animals indicated that grapeseed oil may be beneficial in wound care, too. What's more, they help maintain the right pH level and moisture so your hair and scalp won't dry out.
18 Best Hair Products for Acne 2020 | The Strategist It is hard to find the pure version of this oil, and that explains why it is usually referred to as liquid gold. If you are suffering from acne, this oil would be the ideal choice for you since it can reduce swellings, kill bacteria and to penetrate deep into the skin. Noncomedogenic describes something pretty simple: products likely to help us avoid skin pore blockages and other unwelcome signs of acne that may result. According to ourDiversity Pledge, 15% of products in our newly-published market roundups will feature Black-owned and/or Black-founded brands. (2005). Cleansing oils work on the premise that like dissolves like. We cannot take anything away from coconut oil as it, in reality, possesses various health benefits. Some can be applied to skin directly, or used as a carrier oil. In her current role, she covers all the latest trends in the clean and natural beauty space, as well as lifestyle topics, such as travel. 100% Pure Natural Sea Buckthorn Oil Extracted from High Altitude Himalayas, Exquisite Single Ingredient Multi Purpose No Chemicals, Hydrating Face Oil, Skin Moisturizer , Hair Oil, Anti Aging Nail Oil, Compare With Organic Oil Seabuckthorne Oil 1 oz Even fairly recently, youd be hard-pressed to find a cleansing oil at the drugstore. So it's reducing your chances of breakouts in two ways. Moringa oil, squalene, and rose oils dissolve stubborn waterproof makeup, converting even oil cleansing beginners into believers. The oil is also effective in fighting acne-causing bacteria, fading fine lines, and unclogging pores. Visors. While we don't love that it contains fragrance, customers noted that the scent was pleasant but subtle. If you know of one we should consider, please email us at contact@byrdie.comand we will evaluate the product ASAP. Active Ingredients: Grapeseed oil, hemp seed oil, apricot kernel oil | Skin Type: All | Size: 4 fluid ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes | Byrdie Clean: Yes, Some reviewers note that the smell is strong. The dreamy-sounding name pales in comparison to the dreamy skin you'll get after using it. But, as Herrmann points out, there are numerous plant oils and extracts, and their chemical composition of fatty acids varies, and different ratios of acids can be helpful or more harmful for acne. Headbands. Noncomedogenic oils can be used as an ingredient in moisturizers and other skin care products. Some examples of noncomedogenic ingredients include aloe vera, vitamin C, and glycerin. It leaves your complexion feeling clean, but not tight, and stops shine in its tracks. She has a PhD in chemistry from the University of Sydney. This product hasn't been tested for being non comedogenic. Minoxidil: The Key Differences. One such oil is neem oil, which has been used for centuries to treat skin . It's made from 100% extra-virgin, cold-pressed jojoba oil, so you know you're getting the good stuff. This is due to its composition of amino acids and fats (source), which is close to that of our natural skins. Finally, it's always worth noting that everyone is unique. "Jojoba makes an excellent moisturizer for dryness since the active components of jojoba oil mimic the body's natural oils due to its waxy nature. ANTI-AGING EYE SERUM. To see clear skin, you'll must also get rid of the residue from hair care products. Theres a wide range of noncomedogenic oils to choose from. How to use Neem Oil for Hair Growth [Guide], How to Use Onion Juice for Hair Growth [DIY Guide], Jamaican Black Castor Oil for Hair How to Use, 9 Black Owned Hair Products You Can Support, A Break Down of the Side Effects of Nutrafol, 4 Alternatives to Nutrafol, Cheaper & Reputable, Trioxidil vs. The formula is brimming with antioxidants, which can help address skin concerns like hyperpigmentation and uneven tone. 2022;10.1111/jocd.15161. Location Information: 630 N. Sepulveda Blvd. One thing you can do is reach out to manufacturers and ask if they conduct independent, third-party testing to back up their claims. We love a product that multitasks, namely this super-clean cleansing oil from Kaike. Need a good carrier oil for your essential oils? Additionally, those antioxidant properties4 mean it's anti-inflammatory and brightening, which can help those with current breakouts and marks from past zits, too. Michelle Wong is a cosmetic chemist and educator who's the brains behind educational beauty platform Lab Muffina website and YouTube channel where she breaks down skin care and cosmetic ingredients in products to a general audience. We recommend using jojoba oil, as that's noncomedogenic too. One of our favorite products with grapeseed oil, this fragrance-free cream also contains squalane, jojoba oil, and sunflower seed oil to repair and restore the skin. But remember, as an essential oil, this always needs to be mixed with a carrier oil as it will be irritating for the skin if applied directly.
Non-Comedogenic Beard Oil - What Is It? | Beard Hair Guide Additionally, the term isn't regulated by the FDA, so brands are free to use it as a marketing tool, even if their formula could trigger breakouts (which breeds mistrust for the consumer).
15 Non-Comedogenic Oils for the Face That Do Not Clog Pores - Beautyholic These include: Medical professionals have long consulted a landmark 1984 scientific study for a list of ingredients to avoid. They may also contain antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, such as lineolic acid. "Even if two people are predisposed to acne, what is noncomedogenic to one person might be so for another," says board-certified dermatologist Mona Gohara, M.D. 3 Buildable Coverage Too Faced Born This Way Foundation Now 22% Off $35 at Ulta Beauty The oilwhich combines pumpkin seed, papaya seed, and sunflower seed oilsis hydrating, but also has the distinction of being packed with antioxidants. Effects of a grapeseed oil (Vitis vinifera L.) loaded dermocosmetic nanoemulgel on biophysical parameters of facial skin: A split-face, blinded, placebo-controlled study, Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils, Grape seed oil compounds: biological and chemical actions for health, The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity, Lipid characteristics of camellia seed oil, Promising features of Moringa oleifera oil: recent updates and perspectives, Prospective, randomized, double-blind assessment of topical bakuchiol and retinol for facial photoageing. The results: a smoother, softer finish to your skin, sans the dreaded flash-back. Naturally, Shea butter oil is thick so you may opt to melt it down and mix it another essential oil to give it a softer feeling. So what if we told you that non-comedogenic oils don't only exist but you (yes, even you) should definitely be using one? Experience: Experience in Laser Hair Removal, Botox, dermal fillers and other injectables; Ultherapy Cool Sculpting and other aesthetic services preferred.
16 Best Non-Comedogenic Makeup Products in 2022 - Non-Comedogenic What Is Comedonal Acne and How Is It Treated? A recent study found that moisturizers containing sweet almond oil were effective at reducing severe hand dermatitis. Those with oily skin or prone to acne will benefit most from noncomedogenic products. I'm a research assistant with an interest in hair-related topics. The formula combines tea tree oil, black cumin, and salicylic acid that help kill bacteria and lightly exfoliate the skin to decrease the chance of breakouts. When youre wearing a full face of makeup, its a good move to use a cleansing oil first, even if you want to use a traditional cleanser after; the oil will be better able to remove and dissolve all the oils in the makeup. How to Use Fenugreek Seeds for Hair Growth. These types of oils dont clog pores, making many of them a good choice for all skin types. We avoid using tertiary references. Some noncomedogenic oils have anti-inflammatory properties. Below, your guide to non-comedogenic oils and seven worth checking out. On top of that, it is rich in Vitamin E and, therefore, ideal for dealing with scars and fine lines (source). As an ingredient in moisturizers designed for oily skin, noncomedogenic oils help to keep moisture in without increasing breakouts. Bio-Oil is non comedogenic and a great acne scar treatment for face; PACKED WITH POWERFUL, NATURAL OILS - Vitamin A Oil promotes the formation of new collagen and assists in skin renewal, increasing skin elasticity. Another problem: There are no federal regulations or rules from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) about the use of the word noncomedogenic for products like moisturizers and makeup. Gently rinse it off with warm water, using only your fingers. Before using any new product on your face or body, do a spot test. What's more, the fact that it's a wax ester also makes it much more stable than oils, which typically go rancid quickly. Non-greasy lotion meets broad spectrum sun protection to help prevent premature signs of aging. J Oleo Sci. Heres a list of some that you may want to try: Grapeseed oil varies in color, based on the type of grapes its derived from. Finally, Jojoba oil has a shelf life of five years and is safe for all skin types. or smelly. Click the button above for a FREE copy of our highly-sought-after eBook. Word to the wise: As an essential oil, tea tree oil would be best diluted first in a carrier oil before being applied to the skin. To understand the difference, scientifically speaking, between oils that clog your pores and ones that don't (i.e., comedogenic vs. non-comedogenic oils), we turned to cosmetic chemists Gloria Lu and Victoria Fu of Chemist Confessions. Not only that, but tea tree oil could help to kill acne bacteria without promoting antibiotic resistance like antibiotics can. * Exceptional customer service and interpersonal communication skills. This oldie-but-goodie has been around for almost three decades but remains super popularso much so that one is sold every 10 seconds worldwide (color us impressed). Dragon Fruit Oil also called Pitahaya ( Pitaya) Oil ; Use topically for damaged skin like BURNS, WOUNDS, CUTS, SCARS, ITCHY, SCALY, IRRITATED SKIN CONDITIONS SUCH AS ECZEMA and PSORIASIS. But first, a word on comedogenic oils. The 12 Best Non-Comedogenic Moisturizers of 2023 . Put a small amount of the new product on your face, and wait a couple of days to see what happens. Its non-comedogenic formula can work as a final finish to setting your makeup, or you can even use it on its own as a lightweight foundation. Were talking about a 100% natural formula made with 62% organic ingredients, a power combo of antioxidant-rich, skin-loving oils. With this oil, you can dilute your essential oils safely without causing breakouts. "I LOVE rosehip seed oil. According to Aguilar, using raw coconut oil on its own (say, as a moisturizer) can definitely clog your pores. Featuring a nutty scent, jojoba oil can be used as a makeup remover, hair and scalp conditioner, moisturizer, and as a carrier oil for essential oils. It is beneficial to treat inflammation and helps to keep your skin soft and hydrated. Its consistency and natural anti-inflammatory properties may make it useful for treating acne and other skin lesions. Like the gel above, this one's free of oils, dyes, fragrance, and parabens.. Your skin is different from everyone elses, so if yours is acne-prone, youll need to conduct your own patch test. Sure, the myth still persists on some level (i.e., "oil-free" marketing), but for the most part, we've cleared the air and said definitively: If your pores clog easily or your skin tends to break out, you can still use facial oils in your routine.
11 Best Non Comedogenic Oils Safe to Use on Your Face Pat McGrath Labs. It helps soothe the skin from irritation and protect it from UV radiation damage. It's non-comedogenic it won't clog your pores. It's one of my favorite ingredients. The underlying problem is that oil, hair, and dead skin cells plug a follicle in the skin, providing the environment for bacteria already on the skin to spread into the follicle. (2016).